Answers:
That's a broad question...
Routers/layer 3 switches and locate the node(s).
DNS can point to where on earth the node is by giving the directions on how to get hold of near.
If you be running SQL Server, you could see your clustered nodes using enterprise controller. You can add/evict them from nearby, but that's probably not what you're looking for.
If you use the 'ping' or 'pathping' command, you can follow the IP address from point A to point B such as adjectives routing devices and DNS servers.
Your naming convention, if set up correctly, can narrate you physically where on earth they are.
guessing trace command